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## Debugging and Automated Testing

by Joel Aufrecht

OpenACS docs are written by the named authors, and may be edited by OpenACS documentation staff.

### Debugging

Developer Support. The Developer Support package adds several goodies: debug information for every page; the ability to log comments to the page instead of the error log, and fast user switching so that you can test pages as anonymous and as dummy users without logging in and out.

PostgreSQL. You can work directly with the database to do debugging steps like looking directly at tables and testing stored procedures. Start emacs. Type `M-x sql-postgres`. Press enter for server name and use `$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME` for database name. You can use C-(up arrow) and C-(down arrow) for command history.

Hint: "Parse error near *" usually means that an xql file wasn't recognized, because the tcl file is choking on the *SQL* placeholder that it falls back on.

Watching the server log.

To set up real-time monitoring of the AOLserver error log, type

    less /var/lib/aolserver/$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME/log/openacs-dev-error.log

F to show new log entries in real time (like tail -f)
C-c to stop and F to start it up again.
G goes to the end.
? searches backward
/ searches forward.

### Manual testing

Make a list of basic tests to make sure it works

Test Num | Action | Expected Result
--- | --- | ---
001 | Browse to the index page while not logged in and while one or more notes exist. | No edit or delete or add links should appear.
002 | Browse to the index page while logged in. An Edit link should appear. Click on it. Fill out the form and click Submit. | The text added in the form should be visible on the index page.
API-001 | Invoke mfp::note::create with a specific word as the title. | Proc should return an object id.
API-002 | Given an object id from API-001, invoke mfp::note::get. | Proc should return the specific word in the title.
API-003 | Given the object id from API-001, invoke mfp::note::delete. | Proc should return 0 for success.

Other things to test: try to delete someone else's note. Try to delete your own note. Edit your own note. Search for a note.

### Write automated tests

by Simon Carstensen and Joel Aufrecht

OpenACS docs are written by the named authors, and may be edited by OpenACS documentation staff.

It seems to me that a lot of people have been asking for some guidelines on how to write automated tests. I've done several tests by now and have found the process to be extremely easy and useful. It's a joy to work with automated testing once you get the hang of it.

Create the directory that will contain the test script and edit the script file. The directory location and file name are standards which are recognized by the automated testing package:

    [$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME www]$ mkdir /var/lib/aolserver/$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME/packages/myfirstpackage/tcl/test
    [$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME www]$ cd /var/lib/aolserver/$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME/packages/myfirstpackage/tcl/test
    [$OPENACS_SERVICE_NAME test]$ emacs myfirstpackages-procs.tcl

Write the tests. This is obviously the big step :) The script should first call ad_library like any normal -procs.tcl file:

    ad_library {
        ...
    }

To create a test case you call `aa_register_case test_case_name.`. Once you've created the test case you start writing the needed logic. We'll use the tutorial package, "myfirstpackage," as an example. Let's say you just wrote an API for adding and deleting notes in the notes packages and wanted to test that. You'd probably want to write a test that first creates a note, then verifies that it was inserted, then perhaps deletes it again, and finally verifies that it is gone.

Naturally this means you'll be adding a lot of bogus data to the database, which you're not really interested in having there. To avoid this I usually do two things. I always put all my test code inside a call to aa_run_with_teardown which basically means that all the inserts, deletes, and updates will be rolled back once the test has been executed. A very useful feature. Instead of inserting bogus data like: `set name "Simon"`, I tend to generate a random script in order avoid inserting a value that's already in the database:

    set name [ad_generate_random_string]

Here's how the test case looks so far:

    aa_register_case mfp_basic_test {
        My test
    } {
        aa_run_with_teardown \
           -rollback \
           -test_code  {

           }
    }

Now let's look at the actual test code. That's the code that goes inside `-test_code {}`. We want to implement test case API-001, "Given an object id from API-001, invoke mfp::note::get. Proc should return the specific word in the title."

          set name [ad_generate_random_string]
          set new_id [mfp::note::add -title $name]
          aa_true "Note add succeeded" [exists_and_not_null new_id]

To test our simple case, we must load the test file into the system (just as with the /tcl file in the basic tutorial, since the file didn't exist when the system started, the system doesn't know about it.) To make this file take effect, go to the APM and choose "Reload changed" for "MyFirstPackage". Since we'll be changing it frequently, select "watch this file" on the next page. This will cause the system to check this file every time any page is requested, which is bad for production systems but convenient for developing. We can also add some aa_register_case flags to make it easier to run the test. The `-procs` flag, which indicates which procs are tested by this test case, makes it easier to find procs in your package that aren't tested at all. The `-cats` flag, setting categories, makes it easier to control which tests to run. The `smoke` test setting means that this is a basic test case that can and should be run any time you are doing any test. (a definition of "smoke test")

Once the file is loaded, go to ACS Automated Testing and click on myfirstpackage. You should see your test case. Run it and examine the results.

#### TCLWebtest tests

API testing can only test part of our package - it doesn't test the code in our adp/tcl pairs. For this, we can use TCLwebtest. TCLwebtest must be installed for this test to work. This provides a library of functions that make it easy to call a page through HTTP, examine the results, and drive forms. TCLwebtest's functions overlap slightly with acs-automated-testing; see the example provided for one approach on integrating them.

#### Example

Now we can add the rest of the API tests, including a test with deliberately bad data. The complete test looks like:

    ad_library {
        Test cases for my first package.
    }

    aa_register_case \
        -cats {smoke api} \
        -procs {mfp::note::add mfp::note::get mfp::note::delete} \
        mfp_basic_test \
        {
            A simple test that adds, retrieves, and deletes a record.
        } {
            aa_run_with_teardown \
                -rollback \
                -test_code  {
                    set name [ad_generate_random_string]
                    set new_id [mfp::note::add -title $name]
                    aa_true "Note add succeeded" [exists_and_not_null new_id]

                    mfp::note::get -item_id $new_id -array note_array
                    aa_true "Note contains correct title" [string equal $note_array(title) $name]

                    mfp::note::delete -item_id $new_id

                    set get_again [catch {mfp::note::get -item_id $new_id -array note_array}]
                    aa_false "After deleting a note, retrieving it fails" [expr $get_again == 0]
                }
        }

    aa_register_case \
        -cats {api} \
        -procs {mfp::note::add mfp::note::get mfp::note::delete} \
        mfp_bad_data_test \
        {
            A simple test that adds, retrieves, and deletes a record, using some tricky data.
        } {
            aa_run_with_teardown \
                -rollback \
                -test_code  {
                    set name {-Bad [BAD] \077 { $Bad}}
                    append name [ad_generate_random_string]
                    set new_id [mfp::note::add -title $name]
                    aa_true "Note add succeeded" [exists_and_not_null new_id]

                    mfp::note::get -item_id $new_id -array note_array
                    aa_true "Note contains correct title" [string equal $note_array(title) $name]
                    aa_log "Title is $name"
                    mfp::note::delete -item_id $new_id

                    set get_again [catch {mfp::note::get -item_id $new_id -array note_array}]
                    aa_false "After deleting a note, retrieving it fails" [expr $get_again == 0]
                }
        }

    aa_register_case \
        -cats {web smoke} \
        -libraries tclwebtest \
        mfp_web_basic_test \
        {
            A simple tclwebtest test case for the tutorial demo package.

            @author Peter Marklund
        } {
            # we need to get a user_id here so that it's available throughout
            # this proc
            set user_id [db_nextval acs_object_id_seq]

            set note_title [ad_generate_random_string]

            # NOTE: Never use the aa_run_with_teardown with the rollback switch
            # when running Tclwebtest tests since this will put the test code in
            # a transaction and changes won't be visible across HTTP requests.

            aa_run_with_teardown -test_code {

                #-------------------------------------------------------------
                # Login
                #-------------------------------------------------------------

                # Make a site-wide admin user for this test
                # We use an admin to avoid permission issues
                array set user_info [twt::user::create -admin -user_id $user_id]

                # Login the user
                twt::user::login $user_info(email) $user_info(password)

                #-------------------------------------------------------------
                # New Note
                #-------------------------------------------------------------

                # Request note-edit page
                set package_uri [apm_package_url_from_key myfirstpackage]
                set edit_uri "${package_uri}note-edit"
                aa_log "[twt::server_url]$edit_uri"
                twt::do_request "[twt::server_url]$edit_uri"

                # Submit a new note

                tclwebtest::form find ~n note
                tclwebtest::field find ~n title
                tclwebtest::field fill $note_title
                tclwebtest::form submit

                #-------------------------------------------------------------
                # Retrieve note
                #-------------------------------------------------------------

                # Request index page and verify that note is in listing
                tclwebtest::do_request $package_uri
                aa_true "New note with title \"$note_title\" is found in index page" \
                    [string match "*${note_title}*" [tclwebtest::response body]]

                #-------------------------------------------------------------
                # Delete Note
                #-------------------------------------------------------------
                # Delete all notes

                # Three options to delete the note
                # 1) go directly to the database to get the id
                # 2) require an API function that takes name and returns ID
                # 3) screen-scrape for the ID
                # all options are problematic.  We'll do #1 in this example:

                set note_id [db_string get_note_id_from_name "
                    select item_id
                      from cr_items
                     where name = :note_title
                       and content_type = 'mfp_note'
                " -default 0]

                aa_log "Deleting note with id $note_id"

                set delete_uri "${package_uri}note-delete?item_id=${note_id}"
                twt::do_request $delete_uri

                # Request index page and verify that note is in listing
                tclwebtest::do_request $package_uri
                aa_true "Note with title \"$note_title\" is not found in index page after deletion." \
                    ![string match "*${note_title}*" [tclwebtest::response body]]

            } -teardown_code {

                twt::user::delete -user_id $user_id
            }
        }

See also the section called “Automated Testing”.

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